Study Finds Newborns Of Immigrant Women In Poor Neighbourhoods Tend To Be Healthier

A study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal reveals immigrant women living in poor neighbourhoods in Canada more often give birth to healthy children than the Canadian women already living there.

In the study, researchers looked at the health outcomes of both non-refugee, immigrant women and Canadian mothers in low-income neighbourhoods in Ontario. All had given birth in hospitals from 2012 to 2019.

After comparing the outcomes of 148,050 births from immigrant women to those of 266,191 births of non-immigrant women, the researchers discovered the children of the immigrant women tended to fare better.

The immigrant women’s newborns were 24.2 per cent less likely to suffer from severe neonatal morbidity and mortality, a set of serious medical conditions that can result in death.

But not all immigrant mothers were equally likely to give birth to healthy children.


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In their recently-published study, Morbidity and Mortality of Newborns Born to Immigrant and Non-immigrant Females Residing in Low-income Neighbourhoods, the researchers found the risk of these medical complications was lowest among the newborns of Chinese immigrants.

“The risk of (severe neonatal morbidity and mortality) was highest among those of immigrants from Jamaica … and Ghana … and lowest among those of immigrants from China,” notes the study.

The latest data from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) reveals that China was the second most important source of new permanent residents to Canada last year.

In 2022, India was the biggest single source of new permanent residents to Canada with 118,215 Indians making the move that year.

China Was The Second Most Important Source Of New Permanent Residents Last Year

China provided 31,835 new permanent residents to Canada last year. Jamaica was the 22nd most important source of new permanent residents to Canada last year, providing 4,245 immigrants. Ghana was the 44th most important source of new permanent residents to Canada.

The researchers’ study was prompted by a recognition that living in low-income neighbourhoods and being an immigrant are each independently associated with adverse neonatal outcomes.


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“We sought to compare the risk of severe neonatal morbidity and mortality (SNMM) between newborns of immigrant and non-immigrant mothers who resided in low-income neighbourhoods,” noted the researchers.

In high-income countries, including Canada, improvements in healthcare have resulted in a decline in neonatal mortality.

Canada Hoping For 1.45m New Permanent Residents In Three Years

In Canada, the rate of neonatal mortality is 3.6 deaths per 1000 live births and researchers have focused on severe neonatal morbidity because this has serious implications for the surviving child and his or her family.

The health outcomes of newborns born to immigrant women are particularly important to Ottawa given Canada’s bullish stance on immigration.

In its 2023-2025 Immigration Levels Plan, Ottawa set the immigration target for this year at 465,000 new permanent residents. The country is to welcome 485,000 new permanent residents in 2024 and another 500,000 in 2025.

That’s a total of 1.45 million new permanent residents to Canada over the next three years.

Ontario Targets Tech, Health And Skilled Trades Occupations With 984 Canada Immigration Invitations

Ontario has conducted new Expression of Interest draws through two streams of the Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program (OINP), issuing 984 invitations.

The May 9 draws featured invitations through the Employer Job Offer streams for Foreign Workers and International Students.

In the Foreign Worker draw targeting skilled trades occupations, 400 invites were issued to candidates scoring 43 and above.

The following occupations were targeted:

  • NOC 22212 – Drafting technologists and technicians
  • NOC 22221 – User support technicians
  • NOC 22222 – Information systems testing technicians
  • NOC 22301 – Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians
  • NOC 22302 – Industrial engineering and manufacturing technologists and technicians
  • NOC 22311 – Electronic service technicians (household and business equipment)
  • NOC 22312 – Industrial instrument technicians and mechanics
  • NOC 72010 – Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations
  • NOC 72011 – Contractors and supervisors, electrical trades and telecommunications occupations
  • NOC 72012 – Contractors and supervisors, pipefitting trades
  • NOC 72013 – Contractors and supervisors, carpentry trades
  • NOC 72014 – Contractors and supervisors, other construction trades, installers, repairers and servicers
  • NOC 72020 – Contractors and supervisors, mechanic trades
  • NOC 72021 – Contractors and supervisors, heavy equipment operator crews
  • NOC 72022 – Supervisors, printing and related occupations
  • NOC 72024 – Supervisors, motor transport and other ground transit operators
  • NOC 72101 – Tool and die makers
  • NOC 72102 – Sheet metal workers
  • NOC 72103 – Boilermakers
  • NOC 72104 – Structural metal and platework fabricators and fitters
  • NOC 72105 – Ironworkers
  • NOC 72106 – Welders and related machine operators
  • NOC 72200 – Electricians (except industrial and power system)
  • NOC 72201 – Industrial electricians
  • NOC 72203 – Electrical power line and cable workers
  • NOC 72204 – Telecommunications line and cable installers and repairers
  • NOC 72300 – Plumbers
  • NOC 72301 – Steamfitters, pipefitters and sprinkler system installers
  • NOC 72310 – Carpenters
  • NOC 72320 – Bricklayers
  • NOC 72321 – Insulators
  • NOC 72400 – Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics
  • NOC 72401 – Heavy-duty equipment mechanics
  • NOC 72402 – Heating, refrigeration and air conditioning mechanics
  • NOC 72403 – Railway carmen/women
  • NOC 72404 – Aircraft mechanics and aircraft inspectors
  • NOC 72406 – Elevator constructors and mechanics
  • NOC 72410 – Automotive service technicians, truck and bus mechanics and mechanical repairers
  • NOC 72422 – Electrical mechanics
  • NOC 72423 – Motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle and other related mechanics
  • NOC 72500 – Crane operators
  • NOC 73100 – Concrete finishers
  • NOC 73101 – Tilesetters
  • NOC 73102 – Plasterers, drywall installers and finishers and lathers
  • NOC 73110 – Roofers and shinglers
  • NOC 73111 – Glaziers
  • NOC 73112 – Painters and decorators (except interior decorators)
  • NOC 73200 – Residential and commercial installers and servicers
  • NOC 73201 – General building maintenance workers and building superintendents
  • NOC 73202 – Pest controllers and fumigators
  • NOC 73209 – Other repairers and servicers
  • NOC 73300 – Transport truck drivers
  • NOC 73301 – Bus drivers, subway operators and other transit operators
  • NOC 73400 – Heavy equipment operators
  • NOC 82031 – Contractors and supervisors, landscaping, grounds maintenance and horticulture services
  • NOC 92100 – Power engineers and power systems operators

In the International Student draw targeting tech and health occupations, 584 invites were issued to candidates scoring 62 and above.

The following occupations were targeted:

  • NOC 20012 – Computer and information systems managers
  • NOC 21211 – Data Scientists
  • NOC 21223 – Database analysts and data administrators
  • NOC 21230 – Computer systems developers and programmers
  • NOC 21231 – Software engineers and designers
  • NOC 21232 – Software developers and programmers
  • NOC 21233 – Web designers
  • NOC 21234 – Web developers and programmers
  • NOC 21311 – Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers)
  • NOC 22221 – User support technicians
  • NOC 22222 – Information systems testing techinicans
  • NOC 30010 – Managers in health care
  • NOC 31100 – Specialists in clinical and laboratory medicine
  • NOC 31101 – Specialists in surgery
  • NOC 31102 – General practitioners and family physicians
  • NOC 31103 – Veterinarians
  • NOC 31110 – Dentists
  • NOC 31111 – Optometrists
  • NOC 31112 – Audiologists and speech-language pathologists
  • NOC 31120 – Pharmacists
  • NOC 31121 – Dietitians and nutritionists
  • NOC 31201 – Chiropractors
  • NOC 31202 – Physiotherapists
  • NOC 31203 – Occupational therapists
  • NOC 31204 – Kinesiologists and other professional occupations in therapy and assessment
  • NOC 31209 – Other professional occupations in health diagnosing and treating
  • NOC 31300 – Nursing coordinators and supervisors
  • NOC 31301 – Registered nurses and registered psychiatric nurses
  • NOC 31302 – Nurse practitioners
  • NOC 31303 – Physician assistants, midwives and allied health professionals
  • NOC 32100 – Opticians
  • NOC 32101 – Licensed practical nurses
  • NOC 32102 – Paramedical occupations
  • NOC 32103 – Respiratory therapists, clinical perfusionists and cardiopulmonary technologists
  • NOC 32104 – Animal health technologists and veterinary technicians
  • NOC 32109 – Other technical occupations in therapy and assessment
  • NOC 32110 – Denturists
  • NOC 32111 – Dental hygienists and dental therapists
  • NOC 32112 – Dental technologists and technicians
  • NOC 32120 – Medical laboratory technologists
  • NOC 32121 – Medical radiation technologists
  • NOC 32122 – Medical sonographers
  • NOC 32123 – Cardiology technologists and electrophysiological diagnostic technologists
  • NOC 32124 – Pharmacy technicians
  • NOC 32129 – Other medical technologists and technicians
  • NOC 32200 – Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners and acupuncturists
  • NOC 32201 – Massage therapists
  • NOC 32209 – Other practitioners of natural healing
  • NOC 33100 – Dental assistants and dental laboratory assistants
  • NOC 33101 – Medical laboratory assistants and related technical occupations
  • NOC 33102 – Nurse aides, orderlies and patient service associates
  • NOC 33103 – Pharmacy technical assistants and pharmacy assistants
  • NOC 33109 – Other assisting occupations in support of health services

Ontario Employer Job Offer: Foreign Worker Stream Expression of Interest Draw

Date issued Number of invitations issued Date profiles created Score range Notes
09-05-2023 400 November 22, 2022 – May 9, 2023 43 and above Targeted draw for skilled trades occupations.

Ontario Employer Job Offer: International Student Stream Expression of Interest Draw

Date issued Number of invitations issued Date profiles created Score range Notes
09-05-2023 584 November 22, 2022 – May 9, 2023 62 and above Targeted draw for tech and health occupations.

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Ontario Expression of Interest Ranking System

Points are awarded based on the following attributes:

  1. Level and field of education and where they completed their studies.
  2. Proficiency in English or French.
  3. Intention to settle outside of the Greater Toronto Area.
  4. Skill and work experience level, earnings history, other factors relevant to prospects in Ontario job market.
  5. Labour market needs in the province or region of the province.

Employer Job Offer: Foreign Worker Stream

To qualify under this stream, applicants must have:

  • A permanent and full-time job offer under NOC TEER category 1, 2 or 3 that meets the median wage levels for Ontario, and in a position that is necessary to the business;
    • For those already working in the position, the proposed wage must be equal or greater than the current wage being paid
  • Two cumulative years of relevant work experience in the previous five years before the date of application;
  • Relevant mandatory licensing in Ontario, if the position so requires;
  • Live abroad, or be working, studying or visiting Canada on a valid permit;
  • Intention to settle in Ontario.

Employer Job Offer: International Student Stream

To qualify under this stream, applicants must have:

  • A permanent and full-time job offer under NOC 0, A or B that meets low wage levels for Ontario, and in a position that is necessary to the business;
  • For those already working in the position, the proposed wage must be equal or greater than the current wage being paid
  • Either
  • Graduated or met requirements of a full-time minimum two-year degree from a publicly-funded Canadian college or university; OR
  • Graduated or met requirements of a full-time minimum one-year post-graduate diploma program from a publicly-funded Canadian college or university.
  • Completed at least half the studies in Canada;
  • Apply within two years from the date you completed the above course
  • Legal status in Ontario
  • Intention to settle in Ontario.

Quebec Immigration Draw: Province Targets 802 Candidates in Tech, Health and Engineering Occupations

Quebec immigration has issued 802 Canada immigration invitations to apply in a new draw through the Arrima Expression of Interest system.

The May 4 draw targeted two categories of candidates.

The first category featured candidates scoring 578 points or above in the Quebec Expression of Interest points system. Their primary occupation was in one of the following professions:

  • 2171 Information systems analysts and consultants
  • 2281 Computer network technicians
  • 2282 User support technicians
  • 2174 Computer programmers and interactive media developers
  • 2241 Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians
  • 2147 Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers)
  • 0213 Computer and information systems managers
  • 2173 Software engineers and designers
  • 2175 Web designers and developers
  • 5241 Graphic designers and illustrators
  • 2172 Database analysts and data administrators
  • 5225 Audio and video recording technicians
  • 5223 Graphic arts technicians
  • 4031 Secondary school teachers
  • 4032 Elementary school and kindergarten teachers
  • 3012 Registered nurses and registered psychiatric nurses
  • 3413 Nurse aides, orderlies and patient service associates
  • 3233 Licensed practical nurses
  • 2131 Civil engineers
  • 2231 Civil engineering technologists and technicians
  • 2133 Electrical and electronics engineers
  • 2141 Industrial and manufacturing engineers
  • 2232 Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians
  • 2132 Mechanical engineers
  • 2233 Industrial engineering and manufacturing technologists and technicians
  • 2143 Mining engineers
  • 4214 Early childhood educators and assistants

Candidates with a job offer outside of the Montreal metropolitan area were targeted in the second category. There was no minimum score for these candidates.


Quebec Expression Of Interest Draws 2023

Date of invitations Invites Issued Minimum Score Date of extraction from Arrima bank
04-05-23 802 575 May 1, 2023 at 6.30am

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How Does Quebec Expression of Interest Work?

  1. Candidates submit an online expression of interest profile via Arrima.
  2. Profiles enter into an Expression of Interest pool, where they are ranked against each other using a points system and are valid for 12-months.
  3. The highest-ranking candidates are invited to apply for a Quebec Certificate of Selection under the Quebec Skilled Worker Program via periodic draws.
  4. Candidates receiving an invitation have 60 days to submit a full application.
  5. Approved candidates who receive a nomination certificate (CSQ) may then apply to the federal government for Canadian permanent residence.

Quebec Expression of Interest Points System

The Quebec Expression of Interest points system is used to rank profiles submitted via Arrima to the Expression of Interest bank, with the highest-ranked profiles invited to apply for Quebec immigration under the Quebec Skilled Worker Program.

Candidates and their spouse or common-law partner can score up to 1,320 points based on human capital and Quebec labour market factors.

What Are the Requirements for Quebec Expression of Interest?

The Quebec Expression of Interest points system involves points in two categories, with some including points for the spouse of common law partner of the principal candidate.

  • Human capital factors:
  • French language ability.
  • French and English combined.
  • Age.
  • Work experience.
  • Education.
  • Quebec labour market factors:
  • Work experience in a field with a labour shortage.
  • Qualifications in one of Quebec’s areas of training.
  • Level of Quebec education.
  • Professional experience in Quebec.
  • Professional experience in the rest of Canada.
  • Job offer inside or outside Greater Montreal.

Quebec publishes lists of High Demand Occupations and Areas of Training that weigh considerably in the assessment.